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Gallium, China
Zhengzhou (Henan), China34.75°N 113.63°E
computed criticality17/100
reading
China ≈99% of world primary gallium production (USGS 2024)
2024Fault line
China supplies about 99% of the world's primary gallium, recovered as a byproduct of bauxite and zinc processing, and imposed export licensing in 2023 then a full ban on exports to the United States in late 2024. Gallium is the substrate for GaAs and GaN compound semiconductors, with no effective substitute in many defense, radar and telecom applications.
→Stable2030
In 2025 China accounts for 99% of world primary low-purity gallium production (USGS); structural concentration with no significant alternative capacity despite the temporary (Nov. 2025) lifting of the US export ban — no reliable diversification projection.USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2026 ↗
Actors
China
Japan
South Korea
Russia
Sources