The chains

Fourteen systems, grouped into five families, from compute to flows. Each reads as a stratigraphic cross-section, from raw material to end use.

Fragility chains

9 chains

Concrete dependency readings the atlas reveals, from end use to the root chokepoint. Break the last link to simulate.

Artificial intelligence

Every model traces back to a few resin plants in Japan.

  1. NvidiaUnited States

    ≈92% of the datacenter GPU market (revenue)

    IoT Analytics, 2024estimation

  2. CoWoSTaiwan

    2024–2025 capacity booked by Nvidia + AMD alone

    Wccftech (rapportant TSMC), 2024estimation

  3. ≈95% of global ABF insulating film (80–98% depending on scope)

    Ajinomoto Fine-Techno, fiche produit ABFestimation

  4. PhotoresistsJapanthe chokepoint

    ≈91% of advanced photoresists (Japanese producers)

    SemiAnalysis, 2024estimation

    simulate the break

Without these photoresists, no leading-edge AI chip gets etched. No equivalent plan B.

The leading-edge chip

Etching below 3 nm depends on a single optics workshop in Germany.

  1. TSMCTaiwan

    ≈74% of wafer revenue in advanced nodes (Q4 2024)

    TSMC (communiqué), 2025solide

  2. ASMLNetherlands

    100% of the EUV lithography market

    ASML, 2022estimation

  3. Zeiss SMTGermanythe chokepoint

    Sole supplier of ASML's EUV optics

    ASML / SEC 20-F, 2012solide

    simulate the break

Without Zeiss optics, ASML halts, and all leading-edge lithography with it.

The electric car

The battery traces back to cobalt refined in China, mined in Congo.

  1. CATLChina

    China ≈59–72% of lithium refining · ≈90% of graphite

    AIE Global Critical Minerals Outlook, 2024solide

  2. China ~85% of cathode materials (LFP ~99%; NMC >75%); Korea ~9%, a distant #2

    IEA, Global EV Outlook 2025 – EV batteriessolide

  3. China ~75-80% of world refined cobalt

    USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 — Cobaltsolide

  4. CobaltDR Congothe chokepoint

    DRC >75% of global cobalt extraction

    USGS Cobalt MCS, 2025estimation

    simulate the break

Cut China's cobalt refining: the cathode stops, and so does the battery.

The electric motor & the wind turbine

Permanent magnets hinge on China's rare-earth separation.

  1. The top 4 global turbine makers were all Chinese in 2024, Goldwind #1 with over 20 GW installed (GWEC); China ≈ 94% of sintered permanent magnets (IEA, 2024)

    GWEC, 2025solide

  2. JL MAGChina

    29,300 t of magnet blanks in 2024; world no. 1 in sintered NdFeB

    JL MAG, résultats annuels 2024solide

  3. ≈90% of the world's refining of magnet rare earths; ≈99% of heavy separation

    IEA, 2025solide

  4. Bayan OboChinathe chokepoint

    ≈90% of NdFeB magnets · monopoly on Dy/Tb separation

    AIE — Rare Earth Elements, 2025solide

    simulate the break

Without Chinese separation, no NdFeB magnet: no electric motor, no wind turbine.

Antibiotics

The world's penicillin starts from an intermediate made at a few Chinese sites.

  1. China + India ≈66% of generic APIs (volume); ≈22.6% of EU API imports come from China

    US Pharmacopeia, Quality Mattersestimation

  2. 6-APA antibioticsChinathe chokepoint

    ≈80-90% of the world's antibiotic APIs; ≈90% of 6-APA capacity, 5 of the 7 global sites

    Council on Geostrategy, 2024estimation

    simulate the break

Without Chinese 6-APA, the world's semi-synthetic penicillin collapses.

Solar power

The panel traces back to Chinese polysilicon and silicon metal.

  1. Over 80% of global capacity at each stage; near 95% for polysilicon and wafers; Xinjiang ≈ 40% of world polysilicon (IEA, 2022)

    IEA, 2022solide

  2. Silicon metalChinathe chokepoint

    China ~80% of world silicon (silicon materials)

    USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 — Siliconsolide

    simulate the break

Without Chinese silicon metal, no polysilicon and no solar panel.

Gulf oil

Saudi crude crosses two straits before reaching Asia.

  1. GhawarSaudi Arabia

    Saudi Arabia ~12% of world oil output; Ghawar the largest conventional field

    EIA ; OPEC 2024solide

  2. HormuzGolfe Persique

    ≈20% of global liquid oil consumption

    U.S. EIA (Today in Energy), 2025solide

  3. MalaccaAsie du Sud-Estthe chokepoint

    ≈24% of all global maritime trade

    Wikipedia (citant Freeman, The Straits of Malacca, 2003)estimation

    simulate the break

Close Hormuz: about a fifth of the world's oil stops flowing.

The smartphone

Japanese camera sensor, Korean display, a thousand capacitors.

  1. Sony ~50% of smartphone CMOS image sensors (~42% of total CIS market)

    TechInsights, Smartphone Image Sensor Market Share Q2 2024solide

  2. DisplaysSouth Korea

    Samsung Display leads OLED (~52% large-area), LG Display 2nd; BOE #1 panel maker (LCD)

    Omdia via OLED-Info, expéditions écrans 2024solide

  3. MLCCJapanthe chokepoint

    ~4.3 trillion MLCC produced per year (Murata >40%, Samsung ~24%)

    TrendForce, MLCC demand 2024 (nov. 2023)solide

    simulate the break

One link missing (sensor, display or capacitor) and the phone cannot be assembled.

Containerised trade

Half of all containers hinge on three carriers and a few straits.

  1. MSC ≈ 20 % of the world container fleet, Maersk ≈ 14 %, CMA CGM ≈ 12 % ; top 3 > 45 % of capacity

    Alphaliner (Top 100), 2024estimation

  2. MalaccaAsie du Sud-Est

    ≈24% of all global maritime trade

    Wikipedia (citant Freeman, The Straits of Malacca, 2003)estimation

  3. SuezEgyptthe chokepoint

    ≈10–12% of maritime trade · ≈22% of containers

    Atlantic Council (issue brief), 2025solide

    simulate the break

Three carriers and two straits hold half the world's containers.

Compute & Digital

7 strata · 163 records

From sand to qubit, the infrastructure of information processing.

Materials & Metals

4 strata · 151 records

What is extracted, separated and refined before all the rest.

Energy & Grids

2 strata · 111 records

Producing, transporting and storing power.

Life & Subsistence

2 strata · 102 records

Healing and feeding, the chemistry of body and soil.

Flows & Mobility

3 strata · 77 records

The corridors everything transits through, sea, data, orbit.