The chains
Fourteen systems, grouped into five families, from compute to flows. Each reads as a stratigraphic cross-section, from raw material to end use.
Fragility chains
9 chainsConcrete dependency readings the atlas reveals, from end use to the root chokepoint. Break the last link to simulate.
Artificial intelligence
Every model traces back to a few resin plants in Japan.
- CoWoSTaiwan
2024–2025 capacity booked by Nvidia + AMD alone
Wccftech (rapportant TSMC), 2024estimation
- ABF filmJapan
≈95% of global ABF insulating film (80–98% depending on scope)
Ajinomoto Fine-Techno, fiche produit ABFestimation
- ⚠ simulate the break
≈91% of advanced photoresists (Japanese producers)
SemiAnalysis, 2024estimation
Without these photoresists, no leading-edge AI chip gets etched. No equivalent plan B.
The leading-edge chip
Etching below 3 nm depends on a single optics workshop in Germany.
Without Zeiss optics, ASML halts, and all leading-edge lithography with it.
The electric car
The battery traces back to cobalt refined in China, mined in Congo.
- CATLChina
China ≈59–72% of lithium refining · ≈90% of graphite
AIE Global Critical Minerals Outlook, 2024solide
- Battery cathodesChina
China ~85% of cathode materials (LFP ~99%; NMC >75%); Korea ~9%, a distant #2
IEA, Global EV Outlook 2025 – EV batteriessolide
- China refined cobaltChina
China ~75-80% of world refined cobalt
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 — Cobaltsolide
- ⚠ simulate the break
Cut China's cobalt refining: the cathode stops, and so does the battery.
The electric motor & the wind turbine
Permanent magnets hinge on China's rare-earth separation.
- Wind turbinesChina
The top 4 global turbine makers were all Chinese in 2024, Goldwind #1 with over 20 GW installed (GWEC); China ≈ 94% of sintered permanent magnets (IEA, 2024)
GWEC, 2025solide
- JL MAGChina
29,300 t of magnet blanks in 2024; world no. 1 in sintered NdFeB
JL MAG, résultats annuels 2024solide
- CN separationChina
≈90% of the world's refining of magnet rare earths; ≈99% of heavy separation
IEA, 2025solide
- ⚠ simulate the break
≈90% of NdFeB magnets · monopoly on Dy/Tb separation
AIE — Rare Earth Elements, 2025solide
Without Chinese separation, no NdFeB magnet: no electric motor, no wind turbine.
Antibiotics
The world's penicillin starts from an intermediate made at a few Chinese sites.
- Generic APIsChina
China + India ≈66% of generic APIs (volume); ≈22.6% of EU API imports come from China
US Pharmacopeia, Quality Mattersestimation
- ⚠ simulate the break
≈80-90% of the world's antibiotic APIs; ≈90% of 6-APA capacity, 5 of the 7 global sites
Council on Geostrategy, 2024estimation
Without Chinese 6-APA, the world's semi-synthetic penicillin collapses.
Solar power
The panel traces back to Chinese polysilicon and silicon metal.
- China solar PVChina
Over 80% of global capacity at each stage; near 95% for polysilicon and wafers; Xinjiang ≈ 40% of world polysilicon (IEA, 2022)
IEA, 2022solide
- ⚠ simulate the break
China ~80% of world silicon (silicon materials)
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 — Siliconsolide
Without Chinese silicon metal, no polysilicon and no solar panel.
Gulf oil
Saudi crude crosses two straits before reaching Asia.
- GhawarSaudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia ~12% of world oil output; Ghawar the largest conventional field
EIA ; OPEC 2024solide
- ⚠ simulate the break
≈24% of all global maritime trade
Wikipedia (citant Freeman, The Straits of Malacca, 2003)estimation
Close Hormuz: about a fifth of the world's oil stops flowing.
The smartphone
Japanese camera sensor, Korean display, a thousand capacitors.
- CMOS sensorsJapan
Sony ~50% of smartphone CMOS image sensors (~42% of total CIS market)
TechInsights, Smartphone Image Sensor Market Share Q2 2024solide
- DisplaysSouth Korea
Samsung Display leads OLED (~52% large-area), LG Display 2nd; BOE #1 panel maker (LCD)
Omdia via OLED-Info, expéditions écrans 2024solide
- ⚠ simulate the break
~4.3 trillion MLCC produced per year (Murata >40%, Samsung ~24%)
TrendForce, MLCC demand 2024 (nov. 2023)solide
One link missing (sensor, display or capacitor) and the phone cannot be assembled.
Containerised trade
Half of all containers hinge on three carriers and a few straits.
- Container freightSwitzerland
MSC ≈ 20 % of the world container fleet, Maersk ≈ 14 %, CMA CGM ≈ 12 % ; top 3 > 45 % of capacity
Alphaliner (Top 100), 2024estimation
- MalaccaAsie du Sud-Est
≈24% of all global maritime trade
Wikipedia (citant Freeman, The Straits of Malacca, 2003)estimation
- ⚠ simulate the break
≈10–12% of maritime trade · ≈22% of containers
Atlantic Council (issue brief), 2025solide
Three carriers and two straits hold half the world's containers.
Compute & Digital
7 strata · 163 recordsFrom sand to qubit, the infrastructure of information processing.
Platforms & infrastructure
Cloud · OS · payments · standards
Knowledge & patents
Architectures · standards · patents · R&D
Silicon
Lithography · fabs · resists · gases
Compute
AI accelerators · advanced packaging
HBM Memory
Bandwidth · stacking
Photonics
Substrates · indium · epitaxy
Quantum & Cryogenics
Dilution · qubits · helium-3
Materials & Metals
4 strata · 151 recordsWhat is extracted, separated and refined before all the rest.
Chemicals & Materials
Carbon fiber · catalysts · gases
Critical Metals
Tungsten · titanium · magnesium · helium
Industry & machines
Machine tools · robotics · bearings · rail
Rare Earths
Separation · permanent magnets
Energy & Grids
2 strata · 111 recordsProducing, transporting and storing power.
Life & Subsistence
2 strata · 102 recordsHealing and feeding, the chemistry of body and soil.
Flows & Mobility
3 strata · 77 recordsThe corridors everything transits through, sea, data, orbit.