SI
Silicon
Lithography · fabs · resists · gases
55fragility index
26 records12 critical1st : United States (23%)
View on the map →IF method →Read from surface (top) to matter (bottom). Hover a node to reveal what it depends on.
0Compute3
●Nvidia, Santa Clara
≈92% of the datacenter GPU market (revenue)
Critical node· Nvidia (Santa Clara)↑ Data centers
■AI data centers, the bottleneck migrates
The constraint is no longer silicon: it is the megawatt
Dependency· Hyperscalers (AWS, Microsoft, Google, Meta)
■Penang, chip assembly & test (Malaysia)
Malaysia ≈13% of the global assembly-test-packaging market; 6th semiconductor exporter
Dependency· Intel (Penang)
−IAssembly3
●SK Hynix, Icheon
≈54% of the HBM market (2024), up to 62% in 2025
Critical node· SK Hynix (Icheon)↑ CoWoS
■CoWoS advanced packaging, TSMC Tainan
2024–2025 capacity booked by Nvidia + AMD alone
Critical node· TSMC (packaging, Tainan)↑ Nvidia
●OSAT, Amkor and third-party assembly
Non-TSMC capacity marginal in 2.5D packaging
Redundancy· Amkor (Tempe)↑ Nvidia
−IIFabrication2
−IIIEquipment9
●ASML, VeldhovenDossier
100% of the EUV lithography market
Critical node· ASML (Veldhoven)↑ TSMC, Samsung · Intel
●EDA, Synopsys & Cadence
Synopsys ≈31% + Cadence ≈30%; ≈74% with Siemens EDA
Critical node· Synopsys (Sunnyvale)↑ TSMC
●Arm, Cambridge
≈99% of smartphone processors derive from the Arm architecture
Critical node· Arm Holdings (Cambridge)↑ Nvidia
●KLA, Milpitas
≈55–60% of process control; >80% of reticle inspection
Critical node· KLA Corporation (Milpitas)↑ TSMC
●Carl Zeiss SMT, Oberkochen
Sole supplier of ASML's EUV optics
Dependency· Carl Zeiss SMT (Oberkochen)↑ ASML
●Photoresists, Japan
≈91% of advanced photoresists (Japanese producers)
Dependency· Tokyo Ohka Kogyo↑ TSMC
●Deposition & etch, Applied, Lam, TEL
Three players concentrate most of WFE outside lithography
Dependency· Applied Materials (Santa Clara)↑ TSMC
●Photomasks, Photronics · Toppan · DNP
Merchant trio ≈36%; the rest captive at the foundries
Dependency· Photronics (Brookfield)↑ TSMC
●CMP slurries, Entegris (ex-Cabot)
≈$1.9bn market (2024); Entegris leading global supplier
Dependency· Entegris / CMC Materials (Billerica)↑ TSMC
−IVMaterial5
▲High-purity quartz, Spruce Pine
≈70–90% of the world's high-purity quartz (crucibles)
Critical node· Sibelco (Spruce Pine)↑ 300 mm wafers
●300 mm wafers, Shin-Etsu & SUMCO
Shin-Etsu + SUMCO > 50% of silicon wafers (est.)
Critical node· Shin-Etsu Chemical (Tokyo)↑ TSMC
●Electronic-grade polysilicon
A handful of "electronic grade" (11N) qualified plants
Dependency· Hemlock Semiconductor (Michigan)↑ 300 mm wafers
▲Semiconductor-grade neon, Ukraine
≈45–54% of global neon (before 2022)
Dependency· Ingas (Mariupol)↑ TSMC
●Fluorinated etch gases, C4F6
≈$370m market (2024); Linde · Air Liquide · Resonac
Dependency· Linde (Danbury)↑ TSMC