Kn

Knowledge & patents

Architectures · standards · patents · R&D

74fragility index
5 records4 critical1st : Belgium (20%)
View on the map →IF method →Read from surface (top) to matter (bottom). Hover a node to reveal what it depends on.
0Frontière & talents1
●Frontier AI labs: capital, talent and compute concentrated
OpenAI ~1.7M H100e (1.9 GW) end-2025; together with Anthropic (~1M+ H100e), the two labs hold ~15% of global operational AI compute (Epoch AI estimate)
Critical node· OpenAI
−IBrevets fondateurs1
●CRISPR-Cas9 foundational patents: two blocs, contested ownership
2 blocs of foundational patents (Broad Institute vs UC Berkeley/CVC); interference decided for Broad in 2022, remanded for reconsideration by the Federal Circuit in May 2025
Critical node· Broad Institute (MIT-Harvard)
−IIR&D partagée & instruments2
■IMEC: the shared lab where rivals co-invent future nodes
Revenue ~EUR 1.03 billion; more than 5,500 employees; more than 600 partner companies (2024)
Critical node· imec
●Fraunhofer: applied research and the underlying patents (MP3/AAC)
Budget ~EUR 3.6 billion; more than 30,000 staff; 74 institutes; MP3/AAC audio codecs (Fraunhofer IIS) (2024)
Dependency· Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
−IIIArchitectures & standards1
●5G standard-essential patents: the invisible toll on every device
The leading holders (Huawei, Qualcomm, Samsung, LG, Ericsson, Nokia) hold the bulk of the ~66,000 active granted 5G SEP families; the top 10 own ~75%
Critical node· Huawei