Tr

Rare Earths

Separation · permanent magnets

39fragility index
19 records6 critical1st : China (32%)
View on the map →IF method →Read from surface (top) to matter (bottom). Hover a node to reveal what it depends on.
0Critical applications2
■EV motors & wind turbines, global industry
≈1–3 kg of NdFeB per EV motor; ≈600 kg/MW for offshore wind
Dependency· Ford (Chicago)
●Lockheed Martin F-35, Fort Worth
≈417 kg of rare earths per F-35; samarium under Chinese export control
Dependency· Lockheed Martin (Fort Worth)
−INdFeB magnets4
●JL MAG Rare-Earth, Ganzhou
29,300 t of magnet blanks in 2024; world no. 1 in sintered NdFeB
Critical node· JL MAG (Ganzhou)↑ EV & wind
●Shin-Etsu magnets, Echizen
Six magnet sites; Vietnam capacity doubled to 2,200 t/year
Dependency· Shin-Etsu Chemical (Tokyo)↑ EV & wind
●Vacuumschmelze, Hanau
Europe's leading maker of NdFeB magnets
Dependency· Vacuumschmelze (Hanau)↑ EV & wind, F-35
●e-VAC Magnetics, Sumter
≈1,600 t/year targeted; plant completed late 2025, first deliveries
Redundancy· e-VAC Magnetics (Sumter)↑ F-35
−IIMetallization & flow control2
●Metallisation & alloys, Baotou / Ganzhou
≈90–95% of oxide-to-metal reduction and NdFeB alloys
Critical node· Northern Rare Earth (Baotou)↑ Export licences, JL MAG
●MOFCOM export controls, Beijing
7 elements under licence since April 2025; magnet exports −75% in two months
Critical node· MOFCOM (Beijing)↑ Shin-Etsu magnets, VAC, EV & wind
−IIISeparation & refining4
●Chinese separation, Ganzhou & BaotouDossier
≈90% of the world's refining of magnet rare earths; ≈99% of heavy separation
Critical node· China Rare Earth Group (Ganzhou)↑ Metal & alloys, Export licences
●Solvay, La Rochelle
NdPr line inaugurated April 2025; target of 30% of European magnet demand in 2030
Redundancy· Solvay (Brussels)↑ VAC
●Magnet recycling, Cyclic Materials, Kingston
Fewer than ≈1% of magnet rare earths are recycled worldwide
Redundancy· Cyclic Materials (Kingston)↑ Solvay
●Lynas, Kuantan
Leading rare-earth refiner outside China
Redundancy· Lynas Rare Earths (Mt Weld, Kuantan)↑ Shin-Etsu magnets
−IVDeposits & extraction7
▲Ion-adsorption clays of southern China, Ganzhou
Core of global Dy/Tb supply; Chinese 2024 mining quota: 270,000 t REO (≈69% of the world)
Critical node· China Rare Earth Group (Ganzhou)↑ CN separation
▲Bayan Obo & Chinese refining
≈90% of NdFeB magnets · monopoly on Dy/Tb separation
Critical node· China Northern Rare Earth (Baotou)↑ CN separation
▲Kachin State mines, Panwa / Chipwi
≈50% of China's heavy rare earth supply before October 2024
Dependency· Local militias and concession-holders (Panwa)↑ CN separation
▲Mount Weld, Laverton
Feeds Lynas, the leading producer of separated rare earths outside China
Redundancy· Lynas Rare Earths (Perth)↑ Lynas
●MP Materials, Mountain Pass
Leading rare-earth mine outside China
Redundancy· MP Materials (Mountain Pass)↑ CN separation, EV & wind
▲Per Geijer, LKAB, Kiruna (Sweden)
≈1.3 Mt of rare-earth oxides; largest known deposit in Europe (2023)
Redundancy· LKAB (Luleå)↑ CN separation
▲Kvanefjeld (Kuannersuit), Greenland
One of the world's largest rare-earth oxide deposits; blocked since 2021
Redundancy· Energy Transition Minerals (Perth)↑ CN separation