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Metallisation & alloys, Baotou / Ganzhou
Baotou, China40.66°N 109.84°E
computed criticality22/100
reading
≈90–95% of oxide-to-metal reduction and NdFeB alloys
2025Fault line
A discreet but blocking step: turning oxide into metal and then into casting alloy. Even Western oxide producers often have to send their output back to China for this conversion. Capacity outside China is measured in thousands of tonnes against hundreds of thousands.
Actors
Northern Rare Earth (Baotou)
China Rare Earth Group (Ganzhou)
Depends on 1
Chinese separation, Ganzhou & BaotouRare Earths · Critical anchor↗Feeds 2
MOFCOM export controls, BeijingRare Earths↗JL MAG Rare-Earth, GanzhouRare Earths↗Shocks endured
Beijing puts heavy rare earths under licenseApr 4, 2025↗Sources
IEA, 2025 ↗estimate