U
Nuclear
Enrichment · conversion
50fragility index
19 records9 critical1st : Canada (21%)
View on the map →IF method →Read from surface (top) to matter (bottom). Hover a node to reveal what it depends on.
0Reactors & heavy components3
●Japan Steel Works, Muroran
≈80% of the very largest nuclear forgings; ≈4 reactor vessels/year
Critical node· Japan Steel Works (Tokyo / Muroran)↑ PWR fleet
●OPG / GE-Hitachi BWRX-300, Darlington
First grid-scale SMR authorised in the G7 (April 2025)
Dependency· Ontario Power Generation (Toronto)
■Western PWR fleet, United States & Europe
≈25% of US enriched uranium came from Russia before the May 2024 law
Dependency· Southern Company, Constellation, EDF (operators)
−IFuel & special materials3
●Lithium-7, NCCP Novosibirsk
≈80% of world Li-7 supply; production limited to Russia and China
Critical node· NCCP / TVEL (Novosibirsk)↑ PWR fleet
●Westinghouse, Västerås
The only fully European VVER fuel fabrication
Redundancy· Westinghouse Electric Sweden↑ PWR fleet
●Framatome, Romans-sur-Isère
One of the three big Western makers of PWR fuel
Redundancy· Framatome (Courbevoie)↑ PWR fleet
−IIEnrichment4
●Urenco, Almelo & the Gronau / Capenhurst / Eunice network
≈27–31% of world enrichment capacity; expansion under way
Critical node· Urenco (Stoke Poges)↑ Västerås, Romans, Darlington SMR
●Centrus Energy, Piketon
≈900 kg of HALEU/year; the only NRC-licensed HALEU facility
Critical node· Centrus Energy (Bethesda)
●Rosatom / TENEX
≈44% of global enrichment capacity (SWU)
Critical node· Rosatom / TENEX (Moscow)↑ PWR fleet
●Orano, Tricastin
≈12% of enrichment capacity (France)
Redundancy· Orano (Tricastin)↑ Romans
−IIIConversion3
●Orano, Malvési / Narbonne
≈29% of world conversion services (Orano), world no. 1 in 2024
Critical node· Orano (Châtillon)↑ Orano
●Cameco, Port Hope
≈19% of world conversion; Canada's only conversion plant
Critical node· Cameco Fuel Services (Port Hope)↑ Urenco
●ConverDyn / Honeywell, Metropolis
The only conversion plant in the United States, restarted in 2023
Redundancy· ConverDyn (Honeywell / General Atomics)↑ Urenco, HALEU Centrus
−IVUranium mines5
●Kazatomprom, Chu-Sarysu basin
23,270 tU in 2024; Kazakhstan accounts for ≈40–43% of world extraction
Critical node· Kazatomprom (Astana)↑ Malvési, Rosatom, Port Hope
●Cameco, McArthur River & Cigar Lake
≈17% of world uranium; very high-grade deposits
Critical node· Cameco (Saskatoon)↑ Port Hope
▲Somaïr (Orano), Arlit
≈4–5% of world supply before the crisis; nationalisation announced June 2025
Dependency· Orano (63%, contested)↑ Malvési
▲Uranium, Rössing & Husab (Namibia)
Namibia ≈3rd global uranium producer (≈11%); Husab controlled by CGN (China)
Dependency· Swakop Uranium / CGN, Husab↑ Malvési
▲Olympic Dam, copper-uranium-gold (South Australia)
Largest uranium resource in the world; ≈3,189 t U and ≈322 kt of copper (2024)
Dependency· BHP (Melbourne)