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Industrial gases, Air Liquide & Linde
Paris, France / Germany48.86°N 2.35°E
computed criticality21/100
reading
oligopoly: Linde ≈27–30%, Air Liquide ≈22–24%, Air Products ≈12–15% of the world market
2024Fault line
Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen: industrial gases feed all of chemistry, steel, electronics and hospitals. The market is a tight oligopoly, three groups capture 55 to 60% of world revenue. The dependence is as much logistical as it is capacity-based: these gases are produced on site or by pipeline, and an idled air-separation unit instantly paralyses its industrial neighbourhood.
Actors
Air Liquide (Paris)
Linde (Dublin / Munich)
Air Products (Allentown)
Taiyo Nippon Sanso (Tokyo)
Feeds 3
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