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Vanadium, Panzhihua (Pangang)
Panzhihua, China26.58°N 101.72°E
computed criticality10/100
reading
China ~68% of world vanadium, a steelmaking by-product (2024, USGS)
2024Fault line
Vanadium is extracted from the slag of vanadium-titanium magnetite steelmaking, and the Panzhihua hub, run by the Pangang Group, is the largest in the world. Supply tracks steel output and concentrates in China and Russia. Rising redox flow-battery demand could tighten a market today driven by steel.
Actors
Pangang Group (Panzhihua)
Sources
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2025estimate