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Critical node· Platforms & infrastructure · Critical anchor
International Group of P&I Clubs
Londres, United Kingdom51.51°N 0.08°W
computed criticality17/100
reading
≈90% of ocean-going tonnage covered (2024)
2024Fault line
Twelve mutuals insure the third-party liability of nearly 90% of ocean-going tonnage through a shared pooling of large claims. Without a P&I certificate a ship cannot call at ports or transit canals; this closed club effectively decides which vessels sail, a lever in the age of sanctions.
Actors
International Group of P&I Clubs
UK P&I, Gard, Steamship Mutual
Lloyd's reinsurers
Sources