State Grid Corporation of China

State Grid Corporation of China serves roughly 1.1 billion customers and ranks 3rd worldwide by revenue (Fortune Global 500, 2024). It made ultra-high-voltage direct current a standard: the 1,100 kV Changji-Guquan line runs 3,293 km and carries up to 12 GW (IEEE Spectrum). This ability to move electricity across thousands of kilometres underpins the integration of China's renewables, yet places critical infrastructure in the hands of a single actor.