Novo Nordisk, Kalundborg (Denmark)

Kalundborg is the dominant, not sole, Novo diversifying toward Hillerød and Chartres, site producing the semaglutide active ingredient that feeds Ozempic and Wegovy. In November 2023 Novo announced an expansion of about $6.6bn there, whose full capacity is not expected before 2029. Semaglutide remained on the FDA shortage list from March 2022 to 21 February 2025, revealing the narrowness of an API bottleneck against explosive global demand.