Drug shortages, FDA / EMA / WHO

At the end of the chain, patients and health systems absorb the disruptions: antibiotics, sterile injectables, GLP-1 agonists and radiotracers regularly appear on the FDA and EMA shortage lists. The extreme concentration of each upstream link turns a local incident, an inspection, a reactor failure, an animal epidemic, into a global clinical strain. Semaglutide, in FDA shortage from March 2022 to February 2025, offers the most visible illustration.